In Business Intelligence frequently similar topics are represented by different words. Specialy in Job interviews it is important to have a grasp over different terminologies.

We tried our best to elaborate some terms used in Business intelligence, Data Warehousing and Data Mart.
If readers have some more to add / please feel free to submit in comments so it can help other readers and correct ourselves.

Data Mart Structure

The data we used for business intelligence can be divided into four
categories: measures, dimensions, attributes, hierarchies.The four type of data help us to define the structure of data mart.[1]

Measures

Measure is numeric quantity expressing some aspect organization’s
performance. Measures are the facts and also known as fact table.[1]

Dimension

Dimension is categorization used to spread out aggregated measure to reveal its constituent parts.[1] dimensions include time (or date), customer, product, geography, lab type, campus, patient, promotions, gender (and other demographics), and so forth. Each dimension is associated with the facts / measures to which it relates via the linkages / joins between the table(s) housing the dimension (the dimension table) and the fact table.[2]

Attributes
For example a member of the Patient dimension, within the Analysis Services implementation for a healthcare provider, might contain information such as patient name, patient ID, gender, age group, race, and other attributes. Some of these attributes might relate to each other hierarchically, and, as we shall see in subsequent articles of this subseries (as well as within other of my articles), multiple hierarchies of this sort are common in real-world dimensions.[2]
Hierarchies

These are created from the attributes of dimesions. For example In Dimension Geography there are attributes named as Country-State-City-Postal Code.[3]

Source

1- Delivering Business Intelligence with Sql Server 2008 by brian Larson
2- Database Journal by Internet.com
3- Sql Server Analysis Services 2008 with MDX